Ulusi woletsa kuterera watuluka ngati njira yothanirana ndi nsalu zaukadaulo, zopangidwira kuthana ndi kutsetsereka m'mafakitale opsinjika kwambiri. Ulusi wapaderawu umaphatikiza sayansi yaukadaulo wapamwamba komanso uinjiniya wapamtunda kuti apange mawonekedwe omwe amakulitsa kugundana, kupirira kukhumudwa, komanso kusunga kukhulupirika kwadongosolo pakafunika. Kuchokera pamakina olemera ndi zida zodzitchinjiriza kupita ku zida zamagalimoto ndi zida zomangira, ulusi woletsa kuterera ukusinthanso momwe mafakitale amafikira kudalirika kwazinthu ndi kapangidwe kantchito.
Maziko a ulusi woletsa kuterera ali pakupanga kwake mwaluso. Ma polima ochita bwino kwambiri monga poliyesitala, nayiloni, kapena ulusi wa aramid amapanga pakatikati, kupereka mphamvu zapadera komanso kukana kupsinjika kwamakina. Zosintha zam'mwambazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira zolondola: ulusi wina umakhala ndi njira zolembera kuti upangitse kukhala wovuta pang'ono, pomwe ena amaphatikiza tinthu tating'ono ta silika kapena zokutira zomata polima. Zosinthazi zimapanga malo "ogwira" omwe amalumikizana ndi zida zokwerera, kumachepetsa kwambiri kutsetsereka popanda kusokoneza kusinthasintha. Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo wa plasma etching ukhoza kupanga mizere ya nano-scale pamwamba pa ulusi, ndikuwonjezera kugundana mpaka 40% poyerekeza ndi ulusi wamba.
Popanga, ulusi woletsa kuterera umapambana pamakina otumizira, pomwe kukanikiza kosasinthasintha komanso kutsetsereka kochepa ndikofunikira kuti ntchito igwire bwino. Ulusi wosalala wachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri umabweretsa kusalumikizana bwino kwa lamba kapena kutaya mphamvu, koma zotsutsana ndi zoterera zimatsimikizira kufalikira kwamphamvu. M'mafakitale opangira chakudya, ulusiwu umalepheretsa kusuntha kwazinthu panthawi yoyendetsa, kusunga ukhondo komanso kuchepetsa zinyalala. Kukana kwawo kwamankhwala kumawapangitsanso kukhala abwino kwa mizere yolumikizira magalimoto, komwe amapirira kukhudzana ndi mafuta, zosungunulira, komanso kutentha kwambiri popanda kusokoneza.
Zida zodzitetezera zimayimira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazingwe zoletsa kuterera. Magolovesi oteteza chitetezo, zomangira, ndi zovala zosagwira moto zimafunikira zida zogwira mwamphamvu ngakhale panyowa kapena mafuta. Kusatsetsereka kwa ulusi kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito pochepetsa chiwopsezo cha zida zomwe zidagwetsedwa kapena kutsika mwangozi. Pomanga, ulusi wotsutsa-woterera umalimbitsa maukonde otetezeka ndi zingwe, kuwonetsetsa kuti kukhazikika kwapangidwe panthawi ya ntchito zapamwamba. Momwemonso, muzamlengalenga, zingwezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mizere ya parachuti ndi zoletsa zonyamula katundu, pomwe kugwira kodalirika ndikofunikira pakuchita ntchito zofunika kwambiri.
Makampani opanga magalimoto amawonjezera ulusi woletsa kuterera pazinthu zamkati ndi chitetezo. Mipando yamagalimoto ndi zopumira m'manja zolukidwa ndi zingwezi zimalepheretsa anthu okwera kutsetsereka akamayendetsa mwamphamvu, zomwe zimawonjezera chitonthozo ndi chitetezo. Kukana kwa ulusi ku radiation ya UV ndi kuvala kumatsimikizira kuti zamkati zamagalimoto zimakhazikika komanso zimawonekera pakagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, ulusi woletsa kuterera umaphatikizidwa muzinthu zolimbitsa matayala, kuwongolera kulumikizana ndi mankhwala a mphira kuti apititse patsogolo kulimba komanso kukokera.
Zovala zamafakitale monga tarpaulins, mahema, ndi geotextiles zimapindula kwambiri ndi ulusi woletsa kuterera. Zidazi ziyenera kupirira nyengo yovuta komanso katundu wolemera popanda kusuntha kapena kung'ambika. Kugwira kwa ulusi kumachepetsa kufunikira kwa nangula kwambiri, kufewetsa makhazikitsidwe ndikuwongolera kudalirika. Pakuyika kwa geotextile, ulusi wothirira umakhazikika m'nthaka ndikuletsa kukokoloka posunga chipwirikiti chansalu zolukidwa, ngakhale m'malo onyowa kapena osakhazikika. Kukana kwawo kwa abrasion kumatsimikiziranso moyo wautali m'malo akunja.
Kuyesa magwiridwe antchito ndikofunikira pakutsimikizira ulusi wothirira kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafakitale. Mayesero amphamvu olimba amayesa kuthekera kwawo kupirira katundu wolemetsa, pomwe kuyesa kwa abrasion kutengera zochitika zolimbana kwambiri. Kuwunika kwa Coefficient of friction (COF) kumawerengera zinthu zomwe sizikuyenda pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, ndipo zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimaposa za ulusi wamba ndi 30-50%. Kuyesa kwachilengedwe, kuphatikiza kutentha kwambiri ndi zinthu zowononga, kumatsimikizira kudalirika kwamalo ogwirira ntchito ovuta.
Kukhazikika kumayendetsa luso pakukula kwa ulusi woterera. Opanga akuwunika ma polima opangidwa ndi bio-based ndi matekinoloje opaka m'madzi kuti achepetse kuwononga chilengedwe. Mitundu ya polyester yobwezerezedwanso imapereka njira yachuma yozungulira, kuphatikiza magwiridwe antchito oletsa kuterera ndi zidziwitso zokomera zachilengedwe. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kumagwirizana ndi zolinga zapadziko lonse lapansi, kupanga ulusi woletsa kuterera kukhala woyenera pakupanga zobiriwira m'magawo monga mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi zomangamanga zokhazikika.
Ngakhale ulusi wothirira umapereka zabwino zambiri, kuphatikiza kwawo kumafuna uinjiniya wosamala. Maonekedwe aukali kwambiri amatha kusokoneza njira zina, monga kudyetsa zinthu zosalala popanga nsalu. Mainjiniya amayenera kulinganiza milingo yogwira ndi kulemera komanso kusinthasintha, makamaka pazamlengalenga kapena zida zachipatala zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kusamalira moyenera ndikofunikiranso; m'malo ochita dzimbiri, ulusi wina ungafunike kuthandizidwanso nthawi ndi nthawi kuti usasunthike bwino.
Tsogolo la ulusi woletsa poterera ligona pakuphatikizana kwanzeru. Ochita kafukufuku akupanga zokutira zodzichiritsa zokha komanso mawonekedwe osinthika omwe amawongolera kugwira kutengera chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, ulusi womwe umakhudzidwa ndi chinyezi ukhoza kupangitsa kuti ukhale wonyowa, pamene malo otenthedwa ndi kutentha angapangitse kuti asatengeke pakatentha kwambiri. Zatsopanozi zikulonjeza kukulitsa ntchito muzomangamanga zanzeru, ukadaulo wovala, ndi zida zodzitetezera.
Kwenikweni, ulusi wotsutsa-woterera umayimira kuphatikizika kwa kapangidwe kantchito ndi luso laukadaulo, kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zakhalapo kwanthawi yayitali pakuchita bwino kwa mafakitale ndi chitetezo. Posandutsa ulusi wamba kukhala malo ogwirira ntchito komanso olimba mtima, amathandizira kuti malo ogwira ntchito azikhala otetezeka, makina odalirika, komanso njira zopangira zokhazikika. Pamene mafakitale akupitiriza kufunafuna ntchito zapamwamba kuchokera ku zipangizo, ulusi wotsutsa-woterera udzakhalabe patsogolo, kuyendetsa luso komanso kuthetsa mavuto ovuta m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
Wool yarn
Viscose yarn
Spandex Yarn